Title: DH Intro Exam Quiz

DH Intro — Exam Preparation Quiz

Practice questions for the Digital Humanities Introductions lecture series (FS 2026). 76 questions from 16 lectures.

Questions generated by AI from lecture transcripts.

According to the lecturer, which task is considered the most difficult and resou

Q: [Text Recognition · Course 1]

According to the lecturer, which task is considered the most difficult and resource-intensive in the text recognition workflow?
- Transcription Alignment (✗ Incorrect)
- Keyword Spotting (✗ Incorrect)
- Full Transcription (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Layout Analysis (✗ Incorrect)
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What is the primary difference between classical machine learning and deep learn

Q: [Text Recognition · Course 1]

What is the primary difference between classical machine learning and deep learning approaches to text recognition as explained in the lecture?
- Deep learning requires significantly less training data than classical methods. (✗ Incorrect)
- Classical machine learning is generally more accurate for recognizing historical handwriting. (✗ Incorrect)
- Deep learning models automatically learn the feature extraction process, while in classical methods it is done manually. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Classical machine learning can only be applied to printed text, while deep learning is for handwriting. (✗ Incorrect)
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How does the lecturer describe the current state of automatic handwriting recogn

Q: [Text Recognition · Course 1]

How does the lecturer describe the current state of automatic handwriting recognition?
- As a mostly solved problem, with commercial tools producing error-free results. (✗ Incorrect)
- As 'more unsolved than solved,' with typical word error rates reaching 20%. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- As being impossible to automate because of the segmentation-recognition paradox. (✗ Incorrect)
- As partially solved and on par with the accuracy for modern printed text. (✗ Incorrect)
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Which of the following are identified in the lecture as significant challenges t

Q: [Text Recognition · Course 1]

Which of the following are identified in the lecture as significant challenges that make handwriting recognition particularly difficult?
- The high variability of individual character shapes between different writers. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- The 'segmentation-recognition paradox' where connected characters are hard to separate. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- The complete absence of commercial software for processing handwritten documents. (✗ Incorrect)
- Page layouts that are often more complex and less predictable than in printed books. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
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According to the lecture, what are the essential components of a high-quality 'g

Q: [Text Recognition · Course 1]

According to the lecture, what are the essential components of a high-quality 'ground truth' dataset for training a text recognition system?
- Geometric data defining the exact location of each text line on the page. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- A transcription that expands all abbreviations to make the text more readable for humans. (✗ Incorrect)
- A transcription that is accurate at the character level, corresponding precisely to what is visible in the image. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Detailed metadata about the document's author, date, and institutional context. (✗ Incorrect)
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What are the primary goals of applying automatic text recognition to cultural he

Q: [Text Recognition · Course 1]

What are the primary goals of applying automatic text recognition to cultural heritage documents, as described in the lecture?
- To create perfect, error-free digital editions that can be published without human correction. (✗ Incorrect)
- To enable users to perform keyword searches directly within the content of digitized documents. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- To preserve written cultural heritage and make it more accessible in an electronic format. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- To replace the need for physical libraries by digitizing all their holdings. (✗ Incorrect)
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According to Professor Prietl, what is the primary implication of viewing gender

Q: [Understanding Digitization · Course 2]

According to Professor Prietl, what is the primary implication of viewing gender and technology as 'co-constructed'?
- It implies that both gender and technology are not fixed or predetermined, but are social constructs that could be different. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- It suggests that technology deterministically shapes gender roles in a patriarchal direction. (✗ Incorrect)
- It proves that gender is an essential biological reality that influences technological design. (✗ Incorrect)
- It focuses exclusively on how feminist politics can change the internet, ignoring the design of physical artifacts. (✗ Incorrect)
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What does the lecture identify as the main problem with the 'I-methodology' prev

Q: [Understanding Digitization · Course 2]

What does the lecture identify as the main problem with the 'I-methodology' prevalent among technology designers?
- It relies too heavily on expensive and time-consuming user research before starting development. (✗ Incorrect)
- It leads to technologies that primarily reflect the perspectives and needs of a small, homogeneous group of creators. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- It prioritizes the needs of marginalized users over the general population, making products less profitable. (✗ Incorrect)
- It results in technologies that are intentionally complex and difficult for the average person to use. (✗ Incorrect)
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How does Professor Prietl characterize the role of social media in contemporary

Q: [Understanding Digitization · Course 2]

How does Professor Prietl characterize the role of social media in contemporary gender politics?
- As an exclusively positive space that has freed people from their bodily gender identities. (✗ Incorrect)
- As a completely negative environment dominated by anti-feminist hate speech and sexual violence. (✗ Incorrect)
- As an ambivalent arena that both perpetuates patriarchal norms and offers a platform for feminist empowerment. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- As an irrelevant platform that has no real-world impact on gender-related laws or regulations. (✗ Incorrect)
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According to the lecture's explanation of a constructivist perspective, which of

Q: [Understanding Digitization · Course 2]

According to the lecture's explanation of a constructivist perspective, which of the following ideas are rejected? (Select all that apply)
- The idea that gender and technology are the cumulative effects of social practices. (✗ Incorrect)
- The techno-deterministic narrative that technological development happens in and of itself. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- The essentialist view that gender is a natural or given attribute. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- The notion that gender norms can be inscribed into the design of technical artifacts. (✗ Incorrect)
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Which of the following are used in the lecture as examples of how gendered persp

Q: [Understanding Digitization · Course 2]

Which of the following are used in the lecture as examples of how gendered perspectives or norms are inscribed into technical artifacts? (Select all that apply)
- Digital voice assistants that mirror stereotypes of female assistants. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Airport security scanners programmed with binary gender body norms. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Navigation apps that fail to calculate routes accessible to people with strollers or wheelchairs. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Software engineering tools that are primarily used by men in the global north. (✗ Incorrect)
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The lecture highlights forms of labor essential to the digital economy that are

Q: [Understanding Digitization · Course 2]

The lecture highlights forms of labor essential to the digital economy that are often unseen or unappreciated. Which of the following concepts or examples does it mention in this context? (Select all that apply)
- The 'digital housewife,' referring to the unpaid work users perform on social media that creates value for companies. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- The highly visible and well-paid work of AI scholars and data scientists in 'big tech.' (✗ Incorrect)
- The 'click work' of content moderators and dataminers, often performed by a poorly paid workforce in the Global South. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- 'Participatory design,' a method where users are compensated to co-create technologies from the start. (✗ Incorrect)
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According to the lecturer, what is the most accurate definition of Digital Lingu

Q: [Digital Linguistics · Course 3]

According to the lecturer, what is the most accurate definition of Digital Linguistics?
- The study of language as it is used in digital spaces like social media and forums. (✗ Incorrect)
- The formal and computational modeling of language data. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- A modern synonym for computational linguistics, focused on human-machine communication. (✗ Incorrect)
- The application of digital tools to digitized spoken or written data. (✗ Incorrect)
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In the context of linguistic modeling of the writing process, what is a 'transfo

Q: [Digital Linguistics · Course 3]

In the context of linguistic modeling of the writing process, what is a 'transforming sequence'?
- A series of keystrokes produced without any pauses, also known as a burst. (✗ Incorrect)
- The difference, such as an insertion or deletion, between two consecutive versions of a sentence. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- A standardized, human-readable format for representing edits, such as the s-notation. (✗ Incorrect)
- The chronological list of all versions a sentence goes through during the writing process. (✗ Incorrect)
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According to the lecture, which of the following are considered sources of data

Q: [Digital Linguistics · Course 3]

According to the lecture, which of the following are considered sources of data used in writing research to understand how writers produce text? (Select all that apply)
- Keystroke logs from a computer keyboard. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Eye-tracking data showing where a writer is looking. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Final published versions of texts without any drafts. (✗ Incorrect)
- Think-aloud protocols where writers verbalize their thoughts. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
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Based on the lecturer's presentation, which of the following statements accurate

Q: [Digital Linguistics · Course 3]

Based on the lecturer's presentation, which of the following statements accurately reflect her views on writing research and technology? (Select all that apply)
- The s-notation is a useful method for showing edits but is not very reader-friendly for chronological analysis. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- The writing model by Flower and Hayes (1981) is the most current and comprehensive model available today. (✗ Incorrect)
- Research into writing technology declined after Microsoft Word became the market standard but is now experiencing a resurgence. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Writing is better understood as a recursive, spiral process rather than a simple linear sequence. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
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According to the lecturer, what is the most radical change the digital medium ha

Q: [Digital Editing · Course 4]

According to the lecturer, what is the most radical change the digital medium has brought to the concept of a 'critical edition'?
- It allows for the inclusion of scholarly commentary, which was impossible in print. (✗ Incorrect)
- It removes the necessity of selecting a single 'base manuscript' as the authoritative version. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- It replaces the scholarly work of textual criticism with automated tools like Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR). (✗ Incorrect)
- It has made older print paradigms, such as the 'diplomatic edition', completely obsolete. (✗ Incorrect)
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The lecturer discusses the 'overlap problem' as a key challenge in digital editi

Q: [Digital Editing · Course 4]

The lecturer discusses the 'overlap problem' as a key challenge in digital editing. What fundamental limitation of XML causes this problem?
- XML cannot use attributes to describe textual features like underlining or strikethroughs. (✗ Incorrect)
- XML is unable to represent the text and the markup within the same file. (✗ Incorrect)
- XML is strictly hierarchical, meaning elements must be fully nested and cannot overlap. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- XML is an outdated format that is incompatible with the TEI standard. (✗ Incorrect)
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The lecturer describes editing as a process of 'creating a theory about the text

Q: [Digital Editing · Course 4]

The lecturer describes editing as a process of 'creating a theory about the text'. Which of the following are presented as potential aims of an edition that would inform such a theory? (Select all that apply)
- To understand the history of a text's transmission and reception over time. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- To create a perfect, uninterpreted digital copy of an original source. (✗ Incorrect)
- To establish an authoritative version of a text by analyzing its variants. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- To make fragile or difficult-to-read primary sources more accessible for research. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
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According to the lecturer, what are the potential advantages of the experimental

Q: [Digital Editing · Course 4]

According to the lecturer, what are the potential advantages of the experimental 'Text as Graph' approach to representing textual data? (Select all that apply)
- It offers a method for resolving the 'overlap problem' found in hierarchical markup like XML. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- It is currently the most common and convenient de facto standard for implementing TEI. (✗ Incorrect)
- It provides an extensible structure, making it easy to add new layers of information like linked data. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- It simplifies the integration of textual data with other research methods like historical network analysis. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
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According to the lecture, what is the most time-consuming phase in a typical dig

Q: [Digital Books · Course 5]

According to the lecture, what is the most time-consuming phase in a typical digital book studies research project?
- Pre-processing, which includes acquiring, cleaning, and structuring data. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Analysis, which involves running computational models and statistical tests. (✗ Incorrect)
- Post-processing, which includes publishing the article, data, and tools openly. (✗ Incorrect)
- Formulating the initial research hypothesis within a theoretical framework. (✗ Incorrect)
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The lecture identifies two main historical traditions that formed the foundation

Q: [Digital Books · Course 5]

The lecture identifies two main historical traditions that formed the foundation of the field of book studies. What are they?
- The study of clandestine printing and the history of typography. (✗ Incorrect)
- The philological interest in book history and the bibliographic tradition of organizing data. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- The economic history of the book trade and the sociology of texts. (✗ Incorrect)
- The history of early printing (incunabula) and the study of children's literature. (✗ Incorrect)
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What key practice in the post-processing phase distinguishes digital book studie

Q: [Digital Books · Course 5]

What key practice in the post-processing phase distinguishes digital book studies from traditional, non-computational book studies, according to the lecturer?
- Publishing findings exclusively in the most prestigious, paywalled academic journals. (✗ Incorrect)
- Creating interactive visualizations that entirely replace the need for a written article. (✗ Incorrect)
- Publishing the underlying data (corpus) and analysis scripts (tools) alongside the research article. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Focusing solely on the written interpretation of results without revealing the methods used. (✗ Incorrect)
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The lecturer mentions several types of data sources that can be used for digital

Q: [Digital Books · Course 5]

The lecturer mentions several types of data sources that can be used for digital book studies. Which of the following are examples cited in the transcript?
- Real-time sales and reading data from modern platforms like Tolino and Wattpad. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Transcribed personal diaries and letters of 18th-century readers. (✗ Incorrect)
- Large-scale bibliographic catalogs such as 'Early English Books Online'. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Historical book trade journals like the 19th-century 'Börsenblatt'. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
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Based on the lecture, which of the following statements accurately describe the

Q: [Digital Books · Course 5]

Based on the lecture, which of the following statements accurately describe the academic field of book studies?
- It is a uniformly large and well-established discipline across all academic traditions. (✗ Incorrect)
- Its methods have a natural affinity with computational approaches due to its history of using catalogs and structured data. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- It is defined as the social and cultural history of communication specifically through the medium of print. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- The field is primarily concerned with the literary analysis of the content of canonical books. (✗ Incorrect)
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The lecture highlights several challenges that researchers face when conducting

Q: [Digital Books · Course 5]

The lecture highlights several challenges that researchers face when conducting computational book studies. Which of the following challenges were mentioned?
- The problem of 'garbage in, garbage out,' where poor quality data leads to flawed conclusions. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Difficulties with Optical Character Recognition (OCR) on historical texts with varied or non-standard fonts. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- The ethical and legal barriers to scraping data from modern commercial reading platforms. (✗ Incorrect)
- Biases within large datasets like Wikipedia, such as machine-translated articles and inconsistent data structures. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
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According to the lecturer, what is the primary reason relational databases are o

Q: [Linked Open Data · Course 6]

According to the lecturer, what is the primary reason relational databases are often a poor fit for Digital Humanities projects?
- They are too new and lack established standards for data management. (✗ Incorrect)
- They lack a dedicated query language, making data retrieval difficult. (✗ Incorrect)
- Their rigid, table-based structure is ill-suited for the complex, networked, and often unstructured nature of humanities data. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- They are unable to enforce data integrity through mechanisms like foreign keys. (✗ Incorrect)
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What does the lecturer identify as the key advantage of using an ontology with a

Q: [Linked Open Data · Course 6]

What does the lecturer identify as the key advantage of using an ontology with an RDF database?
- It enables the database to make logical inferences and work with implicit or incomplete information. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- It provides the only method for naming resources with globally unique URIs. (✗ Incorrect)
- It simplifies the database structure by eliminating the need for properties (predicates). (✗ Incorrect)
- It enforces a rigid data model that prevents any ambiguity, similar to a relational database schema. (✗ Incorrect)
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Based on the lecture, which of the following are significant advantages of using

Q: [Linked Open Data · Course 6]

Based on the lecture, which of the following are significant advantages of using the Turtle notation for serializing RDF data in a Digital Humanities context? (Select 2 or 3)
- It is designed to be easily readable by both machines and humans. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- It is the only industry-accepted standard for serializing RDF. (✗ Incorrect)
- It helps ensure the long-term accessibility and usability of the data. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- It can only be created and edited using specialized graphical database software. (✗ Incorrect)
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According to the lecturer's explanation of graph databases, which of the followi

Q: [Linked Open Data · Course 6]

According to the lecturer's explanation of graph databases, which of the following are fundamental components used to structure the data? (Select 2 or 3)
- Resources, which act as nodes representing real-world or ideal objects. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Tables, which organize data into rows and columns with foreign keys. (✗ Incorrect)
- Properties, which act as labeled edges connecting resources to values or other resources. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Literals, which are string values that a property can point to. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
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According to the lecturer, what is the primary reason that Digital Humanities ha

Q: [Digital Humanities Methods · Course 7]

According to the lecturer, what is the primary reason that Digital Humanities has failed to develop its own epistemology?
- It has pragmatically borrowed methods from other disciplines without sufficient theoretical reflection on their implications for knowledge production. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Traditional humanities scholars have actively resisted the formalization of their methods, preventing any epistemological progress. (✗ Incorrect)
- It has focused too heavily on developing unique, complex theories at the expense of applying practical, computational tools. (✗ Incorrect)
- The computational methods it uses are fundamentally and unresolvably incompatible with the qualitative nature of humanistic inquiry. (✗ Incorrect)
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The lecturer argues that machine-readable corpora have a significant, often over

Q: [Digital Humanities Methods · Course 7]

The lecturer argues that machine-readable corpora have a significant, often overlooked epistemological impact. How does he characterize this impact using Gaston Bachelard's concept?
- Corpora are 'abundant properties' that add new, artificial data not present in the original sources. (✗ Incorrect)
- Corpora are 'phenomenotechnical devices,' meaning they are constructed objects that both model and produce the phenomenon being studied. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Corpora are a form of 'decoupage des phénomènes,' providing an objective way to cut up and classify human facts without bias. (✗ Incorrect)
- Corpora represent 'lived meanings,' allowing a direct, unmediated transition from subjective impression to objective data. (✗ Incorrect)
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Based on the lecture, which of the following statements accurately describe the

Q: [Digital Humanities Methods · Course 7]

Based on the lecture, which of the following statements accurately describe the lecturer's understanding of formalization in the humanities? (Select 2 or 3)
- Formalization's main challenge is to invent new structures, described by Granger as an 'original mathematics' that is not necessarily based on numbers. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Formalization is fundamentally about making the implicit models that humanists already use explicit and thus open to scrutiny. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Formalization should be seen primarily as a transition from unstructured knowledge to structured knowledge, rather than simple quantification. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Formalization is only truly scientific when it successfully reduces humanistic phenomena to calculations and statistical measures. (✗ Incorrect)
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The lecturer presents a specific view of 'models' and 'modeling' in the humaniti

Q: [Digital Humanities Methods · Course 7]

The lecturer presents a specific view of 'models' and 'modeling' in the humanities. Which of the following points are part of his argument? (Select 2 or 3)
- Models are necessarily reductive, capturing only those attributes of the original phenomenon deemed relevant for a particular purpose. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Even traditional historians who explicitly reject the notion of models inevitably use implicit models when they select and structure their sources. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- The main goal of a truly scientific model in the humanities is to create a perfect, one-to-one replica of the historical original. (✗ Incorrect)
- In the humanities, researchers 'play' with models to gain insights, as they cannot directly 'experiment' with the original phenomena (e.g., historical events). (correct) (✓ Correct!)
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According to the lecturer, what is the fundamental principle that allows corpus

Q: [Corpus Linguistics · Course 8]

According to the lecturer, what is the fundamental principle that allows corpus linguists to infer a word's meaning from a collocation profile?
- The meaning of a word is derived from the typical contexts in which it is used. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- The grammatical correctness of a word is determined by the words that frequently appear alongside it. (✗ Incorrect)
- The historical origin of a word can be traced by analyzing its most common collocates over time. (✗ Incorrect)
- A word's overall frequency in a corpus is the most reliable indicator of its primary meaning. (✗ Incorrect)
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How does the lecturer characterize the relationship between the empirical approa

Q: [Corpus Linguistics · Course 8]

How does the lecturer characterize the relationship between the empirical approach of corpus linguistics and the rationalist approach?
- Corpus linguistics is an empirical method that has completely replaced the outdated rationalist approach. (✗ Incorrect)
- The rationalist approach of logical inference is the primary method, with corpus data used only for verification. (✗ Incorrect)
- Corpus linguistics is an empirical method based on observation, which is distinct from the logical inference of rationalism, though researchers often move between both. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Both corpus linguistics and rationalism are empirical methods, but they use different types of data. (✗ Incorrect)
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Based on the definition from Lemnitzer and Zinsmeister cited in the lecture, wha

Q: [Corpus Linguistics · Course 8]

Based on the definition from Lemnitzer and Zinsmeister cited in the lecture, what are the key components of a modern digital corpus?
- The primary data, which consists of a collection of written or spoken utterances. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Metadata that describes the primary data, such as author, source, and date. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Linguistic annotations, such as part-of-speech tags or the base form of a word. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- A software interface for performing analysis, such as calculating collocations. (✗ Incorrect)
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Which of the following statements about different types of corpora are supported

Q: [Corpus Linguistics · Course 8]

Which of the following statements about different types of corpora are supported by the lecture transcript?
- Parallel corpora contain texts aligned in multiple languages and are useful for training machine translation systems. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Spoken language corpora can be analyzed directly in their audio format without the need for textual conversion. (✗ Incorrect)
- Corpus pragmatics focuses on how patterns on the linguistic surface can be seen as traces of social action and discourse. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Classic text corpora are valuable because they preserve all original non-textual features like images and typography. (✗ Incorrect)
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According to the lecture, why is a network considered a 'representation' or 'mod

Q: [Network Analysis · Course 10]

According to the lecture, why is a network considered a 'representation' or 'model' of reality, rather than reality itself?
- It simplifies reality by focusing on connections while treating individuals as 'black boxes', omitting their internal states and the content of their interactions. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- It can only represent static, long-lived relationships like friendships, not dynamic, short-lived interactions like sending a message. (✗ Incorrect)
- It is primarily a visualization tool and lacks the mathematical formality needed to explain complex systems. (✗ Incorrect)
- It captures the actions of every individual in a system, making it too detailed to be considered a simplification. (✗ Incorrect)
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What is the key conclusion drawn from the comparison of calculating betweenness

Q: [Network Analysis · Course 10]

What is the key conclusion drawn from the comparison of calculating betweenness centrality for a communication network versus a marriage network?
- Betweenness centrality is a meaningless measure for any network that is undirected and binary. (✗ Incorrect)
- A topological network measure can always be computed, but its interpretation is context-dependent and not always meaningful. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Communication networks are the only type of system where centrality measures have a straightforward interpretation. (✗ Incorrect)
- The researcher must rely on the computer to determine if a centrality measure is appropriate for a given network. (✗ Incorrect)
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Which of the following best describes a defining characteristic of a 'complex sy

Q: [Network Analysis · Course 10]

Which of the following best describes a defining characteristic of a 'complex system' as defined in the lecture?
- It is controlled by a central authority or 'chief' that dictates the behavior of all individual entities. (✗ Incorrect)
- Global, emergent behavior arises from local, nonlinear interactions among heterogeneous entities. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- The term 'complex' is used to mean the system is complicated and exceptionally difficult to understand. (✗ Incorrect)
- The global behavior of the system is simply the linear sum of all its individual components' actions. (✗ Incorrect)
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The lecture outlined three main ways to study the topology of a network. Which o

Q: [Network Analysis · Course 10]

The lecture outlined three main ways to study the topology of a network. Which of the following were included in this discussion? (Select all that apply)
- Topological network measures, such as centralities, to describe the position and importance of nodes. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Network motives, such as reciprocity and triadic closure, to capture small-scale interaction patterns. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Community detection, such as modularity maximization, to find groups of densely connected nodes. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Data formatting using CSV files to define source and target nodes for analysis software. (✗ Incorrect)
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Based on the lecture, which of the following statements accurately describe spec

Q: [Network Analysis · Course 10]

Based on the lecture, which of the following statements accurately describe specific centrality measures? (Select all that apply)
- Eigenvector centrality is high for a node that is connected to many other nodes which are, in turn, highly connected themselves. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Betweenness centrality quantifies a node's role as a mediator by measuring how often it lies on the shortest paths between other nodes. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Closeness centrality is defined simply as the total number of direct neighbors a node has. (✗ Incorrect)
- Different centrality measures (betweenness, closeness, eigenvector) consistently identify the same nodes as most important in any given network. (✗ Incorrect)
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The lecture highlighted three Digital Humanities case studies. Which of the foll

Q: [Network Analysis · Course 10]

The lecture highlighted three Digital Humanities case studies. Which of the following are accurate findings or conclusions from those examples? (Select all that apply)
- Letters sent by Protestant reformers had a statistically significant positive effect on a territory's likelihood of adopting Protestantism. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Personal visits by reformers to different territories were found to be more influential than their letter correspondence. (✗ Incorrect)
- In the Game of Thrones character network, computational analysis confirmed the subjective view that Jon Snow is a central character. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Analysis of network motives suggested that medieval forts in the Himalaya could have plausibly functioned as a visual signaling system. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
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According to the lecture, what was a primary limitation of the fragmentation-bas

Q: [Natural Language Processing · Course 11]

According to the lecture, what was a primary limitation of the fragmentation-based statistical approach to machine translation that neural models managed to overcome?
- It relied entirely on manually written linguistic rules, making it inflexible. (✗ Incorrect)
- It was unable to model long-distance grammatical dependencies between words in a sentence. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- It could not be trained on large datasets due to computational constraints in the 1990s. (✗ Incorrect)
- It required rare words to be split into character sequences, which was computationally expensive. (✗ Incorrect)
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What was the most effective training strategy for the handwritten text recogniti

Q: [Natural Language Processing · Course 11]

What was the most effective training strategy for the handwritten text recognition model used in the Bullinger Digital project?
- Training a model from scratch using only the 3,000 lines of transcribed Bullinger letters. (✗ Incorrect)
- Using a pre-trained general model and continuing to train it on the specific Bullinger letters. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Applying a large language model like GPT directly to the scanned images without any further training. (✗ Incorrect)
- Creating synthetic training data by asking a model to generate new letters in Bullinger's handwriting. (✗ Incorrect)
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What is the core principle behind how modern neural language models work, as des

Q: [Natural Language Processing · Course 11]

What is the core principle behind how modern neural language models work, as described in the lecture?
- They count the frequencies of short text fragments (n-grams) to calculate the probability of a sentence. (✗ Incorrect)
- They memorize all sentences seen during training to find the closest match for a new input. (✗ Incorrect)
- They learn continuous numerical representations of text to make the task of predicting the next word easier. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- They use a large, predefined set of grammatical rules to parse and generate sentences. (✗ Incorrect)
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The Bullinger Digital project faced a shortage of Latin-to-German training data

Q: [Natural Language Processing · Course 11]

The Bullinger Digital project faced a shortage of Latin-to-German training data for its machine translation system. Which of the following strategies were used to address this issue?
- Collecting existing Latin-German translations from different historical time periods. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Using data from a related language pair, such as Italian-to-German translations. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Automatically generating synthetic Latin source texts by translating German letters into Latin. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Manually translating thousands of new Latin documents into German specifically for this project. (✗ Incorrect)
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At the end of the lecture, several warnings and limitations of large language mo

Q: [Natural Language Processing · Course 11]

At the end of the lecture, several warnings and limitations of large language models are discussed. Which of the following problems were mentioned?
- They can produce fluent-sounding but factually incorrect information. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Their performance is significantly worse for low-resource languages compared to English. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- They can reproduce and even amplify social biases found in their training data. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- They require users to learn complex programming languages to engineer effective prompts. (✗ Incorrect)
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The lecture describes an evolution from rule-based to statistical to neural meth

Q: [Natural Language Processing · Course 11]

The lecture describes an evolution from rule-based to statistical to neural methods in NLP. Which of the following are characteristics attributed to the pre-neural (i.e., rule-based or statistical) approaches?
- A major challenge was creating rules to correctly determine a word's meaning in a specific context. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- The output could be ungrammatical because individually plausible text fragments were combined poorly. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- They used 'subwords' as the basic processing unit to handle rare and newly created words. (✗ Incorrect)
- They learned continuous, multi-dimensional numerical representations for each word in the vocabulary. (✗ Incorrect)
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According to the lecturer, what is the primary misconception of the 'positivist

Q: [Digitization · Course 12]

According to the lecturer, what is the primary misconception of the 'positivist ontology' regarding data?
- It posits that data is simply 'given' and exists independently, waiting to be collected. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- It incorrectly defines data as a continuous flow rather than as discrete samples. (✗ Incorrect)
- It prioritizes data collected through observation over data obtained through measurement. (✗ Incorrect)
- It argues that all data must be organized into tabular datasets to be useful. (✗ Incorrect)
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The lecture uses the example of Thales measuring the Great Pyramid to illustrate

Q: [Digitization · Course 12]

The lecture uses the example of Thales measuring the Great Pyramid to illustrate which key concept about measurement?
- That direct physical access is a prerequisite for accurate scientific measurement. (✗ Incorrect)
- That a comparative method can establish a relationship between unrelated magnitudes through a medium. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- That legal definitions of measurement are insufficient for understanding historical practices. (✗ Incorrect)
- That equations can only work by equating quantities of the same type and material. (✗ Incorrect)
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According to the lecture, which of the following are critical problems associate

Q: [Digitization · Course 12]

According to the lecture, which of the following are critical problems associated with data classification and the structure of databases?
- The process of classification can cause socially constructed categories to appear natural or inherently rational. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Databases can reinforce historical biases, such as a colonial perspective, from the source material. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- The best practice in digital humanities is to avoid classification entirely to maintain data's raw state. (✗ Incorrect)
- Digital databases often promote a single, hierarchical logic of the world as the only way of knowing. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
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The lecturer advocates for an approach called 'data materialism.' Which of the f

Q: [Digitization · Course 12]

The lecturer advocates for an approach called 'data materialism.' Which of the following are components of this approach as described in the lecture?
- A philosophical shift away from 'data idealism' by recognizing that data is produced, not simply given. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- A belief that digital tools are neutral and that critical concerns should be addressed separately from technical work. (✗ Incorrect)
- A critical examination of who has access to data and the technologies used to collect and analyze it. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Adopting a 'techno-optimism' about how technology can solve problems of inequality. (✗ Incorrect)
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According to the lecture, what is a key distinction between the digital represen

Q: [Digital Musicology · Course 13]

According to the lecture, what is a key distinction between the digital representation of music in a symbolic format like MEI and the representation of text in a format like TEI?
- The encoding in MEI is an essential part of creating the musical text itself, whereas TEI markup primarily describes an existing text. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- MEI is an XML-based format, while TEI is based on older technologies like ASCII. (✗ Incorrect)
- Musical encoding formats like MEI are primarily focused on visual layout, while TEI focuses on semantics. (✗ Incorrect)
- Text encoding is a standardized process with one main format (TEI), while music encoding has hundreds of competing formats with no standard. (✗ Incorrect)
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The lecturer identifies a 'key issue' in digital musicology as the tension betwe

Q: [Digital Musicology · Course 13]

The lecturer identifies a 'key issue' in digital musicology as the tension between two main processing approaches. Which of the following best describes this tension?
- The conflict between commercial software focused on profit and open-source tools developed for academic research. (✗ Incorrect)
- The challenge of reconciling audio processing, which analyzes raw sound waves, with symbolic processing, which analyzes notational representations. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- The difficulty in balancing the need for high-quality data storage with the ecological impact of large datasets. (✗ Incorrect)
- The debate between using established, older encoding formats like MIDI and adopting newer, more semantically rich formats like MEI. (✗ Incorrect)
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According to the lecture, which of the following are typical applications or cha

Q: [Digital Musicology · Course 13]

According to the lecture, which of the following are typical applications or characteristics of the field of Music Information Retrieval (MIR)?
- Developing music recommendation systems for streaming services like Spotify. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Creating definitive, scholarly digital editions of composers' complete works. (✗ Incorrect)
- Using tools like the Sonic Visualizer to analyze features of audio recordings. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Using machine learning and AI to help users find and explore large music collections. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
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The lecturer argues that musical content and data are different from other human

Q: [Digital Musicology · Course 13]

The lecturer argues that musical content and data are different from other humanities materials like text or images. Which of the following reasons are used in the transcript to support this argument?
- Multiple copies of a musical piece can have equivalent status, emphasizing reproducibility over the uniqueness of a single instance. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Music data requires significantly more digital storage space than high-resolution images or large text corpora. (✗ Incorrect)
- The encoding of symbolic music is the content itself, not just descriptive markup added to pre-existing content. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Music is a temporal art form, making it impossible to represent or analyze using static computational methods. (✗ Incorrect)
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According to the lecture, why is Patrick Saale's 'documentary approach' to text

Q: [Early Modern History · Course 14]

According to the lecture, why is Patrick Saale's 'documentary approach' to text particularly important for machine learning applications on historical manuscripts?
- Because machine learning models for text recognition must start with an image of the physical document. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Because it defines text as a simple string of characters, which is how computers store data. (✗ Incorrect)
- Because it prioritizes the author's original intention, which machines are now able to understand. (✗ Incorrect)
- Because digital scholarly editions have made physical documents obsolete for computational analysis. (✗ Incorrect)
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What is a key difference in the creation process between the Königsfeld Ebi and

Q: [Early Modern History · Course 14]

What is a key difference in the creation process between the Königsfeld Ebi and the Bernese Tower Books corpora as described in the lecture?
- The Königsfeld corpus was transcribed entirely by machine, while the Tower Books were transcribed by hand. (✗ Incorrect)
- The Königsfeld corpus was created by experts over four years, while the Tower Books project utilizes a student-led approach in courses. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- The Tower Books corpus is much smaller, with only 1,000 pages compared to Königsfeld's 300,000. (✗ Incorrect)
- The Königsfeld corpus contains interrogation protocols, while the Tower Books are a scholarly edition of charters. (✗ Incorrect)
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What was the most significant finding when the Named Entity Recognition (NER) ta

Q: [Early Modern History · Course 14]

What was the most significant finding when the Named Entity Recognition (NER) tagger was applied to the automatically transcribed (and imperfect) Tower Books documents?
- The tagger's performance dropped to nearly zero, proving that perfect transcription is required for NER. (✗ Incorrect)
- The process successfully linked all identified entities to the Wikidata database automatically. (✗ Incorrect)
- The tagger could successfully identify entities like person names even when the text recognition contained character errors. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- The automatically transcribed text had a Character Error Rate (CER) of only 2.5%, making it nearly perfect. (✗ Incorrect)
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According to the lecture, which factors were shown to influence the Character Er

Q: [Early Modern History · Course 14]

According to the lecture, which factors were shown to influence the Character Error Rate (CER) in Handwritten Text Recognition? (Select all that apply)
- The programming language used to build the recognition engine. (✗ Incorrect)
- The number of different scribes (hands) included in the training data. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- The regularity and skill of the original scribe's handwriting. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- The total amount of training data (e.g., number of words) used. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
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Based on the lecture, what are the key roles and characteristics of language mod

Q: [Early Modern History · Course 14]

Based on the lecture, what are the key roles and characteristics of language models in the described workflow for processing historical documents? (Select all that apply)
- A more domain-specific language model can be more important for NER performance than the size of the tagger's training data. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Their primary function is to perform entity linking with external databases like Wikidata. (✗ Incorrect)
- They are a crucial component for both Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) and Named Entity Recognition (NER). (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- They can represent words as vectors, allowing context-dependent meanings of the same word (like 'Stadt') to be distinguished. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
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Which of the following are presented in the lecture as direct consequences or ch

Q: [Early Modern History · Course 14]

Which of the following are presented in the lecture as direct consequences or challenges of applying machine learning to historical research? (Select all that apply)
- It allows for the creation of perfect, error-free scholarly editions with the press of a button. (✗ Incorrect)
- It requires humanities scholars to develop at least a basic understanding of machine learning methods. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Machine learning models can learn and reproduce biases that are present in their training corpora. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- It raises new questions regarding copyright and authorship for the generated data and models. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
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What is the primary distinction the lecturer makes between the collections of li

Q: [Archives · Course 15]

What is the primary distinction the lecturer makes between the collections of libraries and archives?
- Libraries contain multiple copies of published works, while archival collections are typically unique. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Libraries focus on preserving digital materials, whereas archives primarily handle paper-based records. (✗ Incorrect)
- Archives are publicly funded institutions, while libraries are usually private. (✗ Incorrect)
- Libraries organize materials by subject, while archives organize everything chronologically. (✗ Incorrect)
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According to the lecture, what is the approximate percentage of records produced

Q: [Archives · Course 15]

According to the lecture, what is the approximate percentage of records produced by public administration that is ultimately selected for long-term preservation in an archive?
- Roughly 50%, as most administrative records are considered historically valuable. (✗ Incorrect)
- Only 3-5%, because archives would be overwhelmed if they tried to keep a higher percentage. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- About 10-15%, which has increased significantly since the advent of digital records. (✗ Incorrect)
- Over 75%, due to legal mandates requiring comprehensive government transparency. (✗ Incorrect)
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Which of the following are identified in the lecture as the two main principles

Q: [Archives · Course 15]

Which of the following are identified in the lecture as the two main principles for structuring archival collections?
- The principle of provenance, which keeps records from different origins separate. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- The principle of accessibility, which requires all materials to be available online. (✗ Incorrect)
- The principle of original order, which preserves the arrangement in which records were created or used. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- The principle of subject classification, which groups records by topic for easier research. (✗ Incorrect)
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Which of the following statements accurately describe the metadata standards use

Q: [Archives · Course 15]

Which of the following statements accurately describe the metadata standards used in archives, according to the lecture?
- ISAD(G) is the most commonly used standard for describing the content of archives in a hierarchical way. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- ISR(CPF) and ISDF are widely used alongside ISAD(G) to describe agents and functions, respectively. (✗ Incorrect)
- Archives are currently transitioning away from ISAD(G) and other older standards towards new ones. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- The main purpose of ISAD(G) is to structure data for machine-to-machine access via APIs. (✗ Incorrect)
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What is the lecturer's main argument regarding the relationship between digital

Q: [Digital Photography · Course 16]

What is the lecturer's main argument regarding the relationship between digital photo manipulation and historical photographic practices?
- Digital manipulation is largely a continuation of techniques and desires that have existed since photography's origins. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- The rise of digital photography marked a radical break, introducing the concept of image manipulation for the first time. (✗ Incorrect)
- Historical manipulation was purely for artistic purposes, while modern manipulation is primarily for deception. (✗ Incorrect)
- Digital tools have made manipulation easier, but the fundamental impulse to alter images has significantly weakened. (✗ Incorrect)
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According to the lecture, what was the primary goal of John Heartfield's photomo

Q: [Digital Photography · Course 16]

According to the lecture, what was the primary goal of John Heartfield's photomontages?
- To create politically persuasive fake news that appeared completely real in order to deceive the public. (✗ Incorrect)
- To make the audience critically aware of media manipulation and encourage a more reflective consumption of images. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- To perfectly document historical events for the 'Arbeiter Illustrierten Zeitschrift' using montage techniques. (✗ Incorrect)
- To demonstrate the artistic superiority of photomontage over traditional news photography. (✗ Incorrect)
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Based on the lecture, what are some of the major cultural effects of the shift t

Q: [Digital Photography · Course 16]

Based on the lecture, what are some of the major cultural effects of the shift to digital photography? (Select all that apply)
- A widespread loss of faith in the photograph as a trustworthy representation of reality. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- The complete elimination of film-based photography and chemical darkrooms from all contexts. (✗ Incorrect)
- A significant increase in the accessibility of image alteration tools for the general public. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- A change in the primary mode of viewing photographs from physical prints to digital screens. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
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The lecture connects Walter Benjamin's theories to John Heartfield's work. Which

Q: [Digital Photography · Course 16]

The lecture connects Walter Benjamin's theories to John Heartfield's work. Which of the following concepts from the lecture accurately describe this connection? (Select all that apply)
- Benjamin's idea of the 'loss of aura,' which explains why Heartfield's mass-produced montages were seen as less artistic. (✗ Incorrect)
- The democratic potential of image reproducibility, which allows artists like Heartfield to participate in mass media discourse. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- The belief that audiences learn effectively through shocking or entertaining experiences rather than direct instruction. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- An argument that all forms of photographic manipulation, including Heartfield's, should be legally restricted to preserve truth. (✗ Incorrect)
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According to the lecturer, what is the most productive contemporary approach to

Q: [Game Studies · Course 17]

According to the lecturer, what is the most productive contemporary approach to defining what a 'game' is?
- To rely on the typologies of early 20th-century theorists like Huizinga and Caillois who studied play. (✗ Incorrect)
- To accept a broad, socially constructed definition where a game is what people identify as a game. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- To create a succinct, technical definition based on a game's core mechanics and interactive elements. (✗ Incorrect)
- To analyze the source code and hardware, as the true definition of a game lies in its technical implementation. (✗ Incorrect)
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The lecturer draws a direct parallel between the academic fields of Game Studies

Q: [Game Studies · Course 17]

The lecturer draws a direct parallel between the academic fields of Game Studies and Digital Humanities. What is the key similarity he highlights?
- Both fields originated in Scandinavian countries and North America. (✗ Incorrect)
- Both fields are primarily concerned with the preservation and archiving of digital heritage. (✗ Incorrect)
- Both fields are highly interdisciplinary, drawing on a diverse range of methods from other disciplines. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Both fields heavily utilize game engines like Unity and Unreal for conducting and presenting research. (✗ Incorrect)
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Which of the following are presented in the lecture as specific examples of game

Q: [Game Studies · Course 17]

Which of the following are presented in the lecture as specific examples of game studies research being conducted at Swiss institutions? (Select 2 or 3)
- A project at the University of Fribourg focused on understanding the rules and mechanics of games from ancient times. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- A laboratory at the University of Lausanne investigating the impact of playing video games on the human brain. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Research at the University of Basel that uses e-sports performance data to develop new human-computer interaction theories. (✗ Incorrect)
- A large-scale, recently funded project to study the history of Swiss-produced video games in the 20th century. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
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The lecture describes several scholarly approaches to video games that look beyo

Q: [Game Studies · Course 17]

The lecture describes several scholarly approaches to video games that look beyond the player's immediate gameplay experience. Which of the following approaches were mentioned? (Select 2 or 3)
- Analyzing a game's source code as a historical document to understand its production context. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Studying how factual history is negotiated against gameplay mechanics in historical games. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
- Using game engines to create simulations that predict the commercial success of future games. (✗ Incorrect)
- Investigating a game's hardware platform to understand its industrial and technical constraints. (correct) (✓ Correct!)
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